Across northern First Nation communities, wildfires have caused disproportionately significant loss of homes, infrastructure, cultural resources and livelihoods.
Accounts from First Nation communities and community-led organizations, along with findings from Public Safety Canada and Indigenous Services Canada, reveal significant gaps in preparedness, including outdated emergency plans, limited local fire response capacity and complex funding processes. Slow disbursement of funds through the Emergency Management Assistance Program (EMAP) and other federal programs has delayed rebuilding efforts and prolonged displacement and disruption for residents. Coordination challenges among federal, provincial, and First Nations governments have resulted in uneven response timelines, exacerbating existing inequities between communities.
Overall, the problem is twofold: First Nations communities are insufficiently supported to proactively prevent and prepare for wildfire emergencies, with inadequate resources for wildfire prevention and mitigation, and a lack of integration of Indigenous expertise. And when wildfire disasters occur, existing emergency response systems often create additional social, cultural, psychological and economic harms. Emergency needs in First Nations communities are distinct and shaped by cultural, linguistic, geographic and historical contexts. For some evacuees, wildfire displacement means leaving their home territory for the first time, often for unfamiliar urban settings. These circumstances underscore the importance of culturally relevant supports in mitigating trauma and maintaining community cohesion. Access to traditional foods, ceremonies, youth programming and culturally grounded wellness supports helps evacuees cope with displacement and loss.
The following recommendations address the specific realities of northern and remote First Nations communities. Together, they point toward a more effective, humane, and people-centred emergency
1- Strengthen Indigenous-Led Emergency Management Capacity
2- Shift Federal Funding Toward Prevention, Preparedness, and Rapid Response
3- Ensure Culturally Grounded Supports During Evacuations and Recovery
4- Invest in Critical Infrastructure and Access
5- Strengthen Coordination Across Jurisdictions




