Module 5

What does the government do and how does it relate to public policy?

Released:26 October 2023

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So, what does the government do and how does it relate to public policy?

Different levels of government have shared and distinct responsibilities, and the Canadian Constitution defines which government has which powers.  Here is a little bit of an overview:

  • The federal government makes decisions and laws that impact all Canadians, like defense and citizenship, so, for example, deciding who can become a Canadian citizen.
  • Each of the 10 provinces has a provincial government, which makes decisions and laws that impact the people who live in their specific provinces, on files like education and highways, so for example deciding what is taught in school and what the speed limit is.
  • The three territories have their own territorial governments, like provinces but with some differences.
  • Municipal governments are in cities and towns and handle local laws and services, like the local public transportation system and garbage collection.
  • Indigenous peoples also have their governments for self-governance on their lands.